Are US Students Lagging Behind in Math?

The recent statistics about U.S. students' performance in mathematics is definitely worth looking into. With significant gaps between U.S. and Singaporean students' math scores, it’s clear that Singapore is doing something quite different to get such results. The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) have highlighted these discrepancies. Let's take a look at why Singaporean students consistently outperform their American peers in math and what we can do about it.

Understanding TIMSS and NAEP

The TIMSS is an international assessment evaluating the mathematics and science skills of fourth and eighth graders across many countries. Managed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), TIMSS provides insights regarding educational systems globally. The latest results were released in 2023 and showed us the first results of how our 4th and 8th grade students' learning were affected by COVID.

In the U.S., the NAEP, commonly known as the "Nation’s Report Card," assesses the knowledge and skills of students in various subjects, including mathematics. The latest results were just released highlighting how our recent practices have changed in the US.

Comparing Mathematics Scores: A Snapshot

The latest results from TIMSS and NAEP reveal significant disparities in math performance. On the TIMSS, Singaporean eighth graders achieved an impressive average score of 619, easily earning the top position globally. In comparison, U.S. eighth graders scored an average of 493, trailing behind by 126 points.

Classroom with math-related educational tools for teaching.

NAEP results reinforce this trend. The latest results show that mathematics achievement has improved since COVID but still has not made progress to pre-COVID scores.

Why is it that the US lags behind after COVID, but Singapore remains on top? In fact, they even showed gains. What are they doing differently?

Factors Contributing to Singapore's Success

Singapore consistently leads in math performance due to several key factors. Wenxi Lee in The Secrets to Singapore's World Class Math Curriculum highlight several of these differences and why they may not crossover smoothly in the US. (This is an affiliate link in which I earn a small commission with purchase.)

1. Curriculum Focus: The math curriculum in Singapore is logically structured in an upward vertical spiral. Research shows that this strategy helps deepen student understanding, preventing knowledge gaps. It allows for students to continue to build upon previous knowledge by expanding a concept in each grade level.

   
   

2. Innovative Teaching Methodology: Singapore uses a “Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract” (CPA) approach based on Jerome Bruner's research. Teachers first introduce concepts using real objects, then visualize them through pictures and finally represent them with numbers. This method provides equity by allowing all students an opportunity to access the task and challenge students to look at concepts in different ways.

   
   

3. Cultural Value of Education: In Singapore, education is viewed as a vital avenue for success. Parents often emphasize a strong math foundation from an early age. Parents and schools work together to encourage a positive growth mindset about mathematics.

   
   

4. Ongoing Teacher Development: Singapore emphasizes continuous professional development for teachers. Teachers are trained in the same methods that are utilized at the school level. This commitment ensures that educators are equipped with the latest teaching strategies, resulting in more effective classroom instruction.

   
   

Can This Be Replicated in the US?

Wenxi Lee has mentioned that schools try to replicate the steps above but often face challenges when implementing a Singaporean curriculum. What can we learn from Singapore that can actually improve student achievement in a US climate that often values test scores over effective teaching? How can we assist schools to invest in teachers when they have a high turn over? I believe there are several strategic actions we can take to enhance math education in the U.S.:

1. Cohesive Curriculum Development: Implementing a quality math curriculum like Primary Mathematics or Math in Focus could ensure that key concepts are emphasized consistently across all grades, allowing for a stronger foundation. Implementing a new program takes time and is an investment. It may take a few years to actually see the progress as teachers and students adjust to new methodology.

   
   

2. Investment in Teacher Training: Providing comprehensive professional development for educators can equip them with effective teaching methods. Teacher training should be customized to each school's particular needs and cannot be a canned presentation. Teacher experience, school climate and student progress should all be considered when deciding what type of professional learning will actually be beneficial and worth precious teacher time.

   
   

3. Community and Parental Engagement: Encouraging parents and communities to support math education can create a culture that values learning and academic success. Providing educators with ways to share and communicate quality resources aligned with the curriculum to families will be vital to increase student achievement.

   
   

4. Changing Attitudes Towards Math: Jo Boaler found that our brains can change and grow in mathematics. Singapore's Ministry of Education adds a student's attitude about mathematics as one of the 5 components of math education. It's extremely important to create a culture of risk-taking and mistake-making in both teachers and students.

   
   

Moving Forward

A better understanding of Singapore's successful strategies can guide improvements in math education in the U.S. Whether it’s adopting effective teaching methods, investing in resources, or fostering a positive learning culture, the path to success is clear. At Math with Purpose, I strive to provide virtual and in-person professional development that your teachers want to attend. I would love to schedule your summer learning opportunities today. Be sure to send an email to info@mathwithpurpose.com to schedule your PD session today.

Want to know more about Singapore's approach with steps you can take right now? Grab my free guide below: